%PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 1 /Kids [ 2 0 R ] >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /QuickPDFFea172b1f 72 0 R /QuickPDFF724a6178 118 0 R >> >> /Contents [ 5 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R /Metadata 119 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Producer (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /Creator (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /CreationDate (D:20170615105900+02'00') /ModDate (D:20170615105900+02'00') >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Length 3083 /LC /iSQP >> stream 0 Tr /QuickPDFF724a6178 14 Tf 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 0 Tw 0 Tc 0 Ts BT 1 0 0 1 78.1388 770.8329 Tm (Appraisal of Qualitative Factors Affecting Contractors' Tender Price in a)Tj 1 0 0 1 237.1648 752.1709 Tm (Developing Country)Tj ET /QuickPDFF724a6178 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 82.8408 717.2179 Tm (Ayodeji Oke \(South Africa\), Treasure Ijieh \(Nigeria\) and Clinton Aigbavboa \(South Africa\))Tj ET /QuickPDFF724a6178 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 675.495 Tm 15.996 TL (Key words: )' ET /QuickPDFFea172b1f 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 141.7323 675.495 Tm 15.768 TL (Quantity surveying; Risk management; Buildability; Form of tender;)' (Infrastructure procurement; Quantity surveying; Tender price; Tendering)' (process.)' ET /QuickPDFF724a6178 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 618.8021 Tm 15.996 TL (SUMMARY)' ET /QuickPDFFea172b1f 12 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 590.4557 Tm 15.768 TL (An important process in the procurement of infrastructure is tendering. Tendering involves)' (invitation to submit tender by clients or their representatives, submission of required documents by)' (contractors and selection of appropriate contractors to execute the project. This study examines)' (important constituents of tender prices of contractors and factors affecting their tender price in)' (Nigeria with a view to improving their competitiveness and success rate within and outside the)' (country. Using quantitative design approach, data were obtained through questionnaires)' (administered on registered construction professionals and contracting firms with adequate)' (practicing experience. Prior to the study, pilot study was carried out to ensure proper validity and)' (reliability of the instrument. From the final survey, there is no significance difference in the)' (significance, importance and level of contractors' awareness of constituents of tender price. This)' (implies that contractors are conversant of important elements of their tender price but the major)' (factors affecting this price are related to incorrect/incomplete design as well as buildability and)' (technicality associated with the project. These factors are more of project characteristics than that of)' (stakeholders and external variables. In view of this, nature and size of projects should be considered)' (as major factors in estimating tender figure of construction projects by contractors. More so, for the)' (contractors to remain in construction business, there is a need for training, innovation and)' (advancement in the use of new and modern technology.)' ET /QuickPDFFea172b1f 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 150.7097 Tm 13.14 TL (__________________________________________________________________________________________)' ()' (Appraisal of Qualitative Factors Affecting Contractors' Tender Price in a Developing Country \(8484\))' (Ayodeji Oke \(South Africa\), Treasure Ijieh \(Nigeria\) and Clinton Aigbavboa \(South Africa\))' ()' (FIG Working Week 2017)' (Surveying the world of tomorrow - From digitalisation to augmented reality)' (Helsinki, Finland, May 29June 2, 2017)' ET endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 316 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xMRKnCAۿSpk`y^Uu[jIɒT%C/:b}Rx\%=
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