%PDF-1.4 % 1 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Count 1 /Kids [ 2 0 R ] >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /QuickPDFFdfd8ce29 82 0 R /QuickPDFF5ca2c67a 129 0 R >> >> /Contents [ 5 0 R ] /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 595.2756 841.8898 ] >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 1 0 R /Metadata 130 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Producer (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /Creator (Debenu Quick PDF Library 11.15 \(www.debenu.com\)) /CreationDate (D:20210628125420+02'00') /ModDate (D:20210628125421+02'00') >> endobj 5 0 obj << /Length 3778 /LC /iSQP >> stream 0 Tr /QuickPDFF5ca2c67a 14 Tf 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 0 Tw 0 Tc 0 Ts BT 1 0 0 1 72.0768 770.8329 Tm (The Contribution of BeiDou-3 Binary Offset Carrier Signals to Single Point)Tj 1 0 0 1 264.1848 752.1709 Tm (Positioning)Tj ET /QuickPDFF5ca2c67a 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 5.3513 717.2179 Tm (Robert Galatiya S.B. Suya, Yung-Tsang Chen, Chiew-Foong Kwong, Penghe Zhang \(China, PR\) and Craig Hancock \(United)Tj 1 0 0 1 273.8008 702.5549 Tm (Kingdom\))Tj ET /QuickPDFF5ca2c67a 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 661.0148 Tm 14.663 TL (Key words: )' ET /QuickPDFFdfd8ce29 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 141.7323 661.0148 Tm 14.454 TL (Engineering survey; GIM; GNSS/GPS; Positioning; Young surveyor)' ET /QuickPDFF5ca2c67a 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 632.6683 Tm 14.663 TL (SUMMARY)' ET /QuickPDFFdfd8ce29 11 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 604.3219 Tm 14.454 TL (Aimed at providing first-class positioning, navigation, timing \(PNT\) services, the Peoples Republic of)' (China successfully completed the commissioning of its modernised satellites with a BeiDou Navigation)' (Satellite System \(BDS\)-3 Geostationary Earth Orbit \(GEO\) satellite in June 2020. As of December 2020,)' (BDS has 49 nominal satellites in a constellation of which 44 are included in the operational orbital)' (constellation and the remaining 5 are still in-orbit validation. Currently, BDS-3 satellites broadcast Binary)' (Offset Carrier \(BOC\) signal frequencies \(B1-C and B2a+b\) with a completely unique modulation scheme to)' (the other BDS-3 modernised signals \(B2a and B2b\) and the legacy B1I, B2I, and B3I \(BDS-2\) signals. With)' (the multi-constellation and multi-frequency BDS signals, it is imperative to establish the current performance)' (of the BDS modernised signals. Thus, in this paper, a comprehensive investigation of BDS is undertaken in)' (terms of multipath; signal-to-noise ratio \(SNR\); the visible number of satellites; dilution of precision \(DOP\),)' (and single point positioning \(SPP\). The investigation is based on 30 days datasets spanning from the day of)' (the year \(DOY\) 153 to 182 in 2020 from 19 Multi-Global Navigation Satellite System \(GNSS\) Experiment)' (\(MGEX\) tracking stations. The experimental results show that the modernised signals have more)' (significantly reduced multipath errors than the legacy signals. For all the broadcast signals, the SNR is)' (noticeably at least 42 dBHz. For both BDS-2 and BDS-3, at least 8 satellites are visible in each navigation)' (system and their fusion pegs the average number of visible satellites to 15 thereby making DOP to improve)' (from 4.8 to 2.5 by 48%. Based on the selected stations, the SPP performance of BOC signals only is more)' (than 3 m in all three dimensions. The SPP performance is better than 0.78m, 0.51m, and 1.74m in the north,)' (east, and vertical components, respectively. This indicates an average improvement of about 53%, 73%, and)' (61% in the north, east, and vertical dimensions, respectively. Upon the inclusion of the in-orbit validation)' (BDS satellites in the operational orbital constellation, the overall SPP accuracy is likely going to improve)' (and further extend the GNSS performance indicators.)' ET /QuickPDFFdfd8ce29 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg BT 1 0 0 1 56.6929 163.8497 Tm 13.14 TL (__________________________________________________________________________________________)' ()' (The Contribution of BeiDou-3 Binary Offset Carrier Signals to Single Point Positioning \(10986\))' (Robert Galatiya S.B. Suya, Yung-Tsang Chen, Chiew-Foong Kwong, Penghe Zhang \(China, PR\) and Craig Hancock)' (\(United Kingdom\))' ()' (FIG e-Working Week 2021)' (Smart Surveyors for Land and Water Management - Challenges in a New Reality)' (Virtually in the Netherlands, 2125 June 2021)' ET endstream endobj 6 0 obj << /Length 316 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream xMRKnCAۿSpk`y^Uu[jIɒT%C/:b}Rx\%=
c%d:WMQ&1֎PP/3k v'[-A:;NcC瑊Sd3G.#Oss
endstream
endobj
7 0 obj
<<
/Length 369
/Filter /FlateDecode
>>
stream
xMRK0gSޢv=X $!|lG/k北8tMISxs.=$))Pv7>t;n&t5VYj|鷈FƷdd&Z\yc{iNm"{'K/ql116'+v|p2la{-}=H*LX :